1814

1814: edict regarding the use of flogging in Indian pueblos (reel 2, Archives of the Cathedral of Cd. Juárez , UTEP microfilm). Although not a list of tribal leaders, this edict reflects the stated practice of control and punished employed by the Spanish authorities at this time.

1834

Ygnacio Durán, Governor of Ysleta, 1834 (Houser research files: Campbell 1950: II: 50).

Juan Asencio Márquez, Cacique of Ysleta; Mariano Tapia, Governor of Ysleta; and tribal officials: Alejo Baca, Juan Refugio Tapia, and Domingo Durán, 1834 (Houser research files: El Paso County Records, Deed Book A: 190-191).

Felix Pasos, juéz de pas, ausiliar de dicho pueblo, ese Pueblo de San Antonio de la Ysleta, Aug. 26, 1834 [translation: Felix Pasos, justice of the peace, assigned to said Pueblo of San Antonio of Ysleta, Aug. 26, 1834; Houser research files: El Paso County Records, Deed Book F: 571-572. Note: these individuals, not Native American, were part of the civil government in the Indian Pueblo of Ysleta and the mixed Mexican/Indian Pueblo of San Lorenzo].

1835

1835, Ignacio Durán, Tribal Governor of Ysleta (Wright 1993:146)

1840

Note: Historical reference; not a tribal leader listing: Construction of the new Socorro Mission Church begun in 1840 following the destruction of the previous church in the flood of 1829. In 1840, Friar Sebastian Alvarez began to keep a Baptismal Book (Houser research files: Owens 1951:50).

1841

Juan Rey País, governor (Houser research files: Jenkins N.D. 1989: 84-85; 1841 boundary)

Pedro Cuarón, cacique

Albino Márques, war captain

Martín Pedraza, second war captain

Feliciano Alejo, third war captain

Tribal members recorded:

Marcos Alejo

Waldo País [sic. Owaldo]

Juan Antonio Gonzáles

Pablo Márquez (Houser research files: Jenkins N.D. 1989: 84-85; 1841 boundary)

Pedro Cuarón (Quarón), Cacique of Ysleta (1841 Boundary Settlement, Hendricks, Doc. 22-C, exhibit 23, page 11). [Research note: Houser research files: must be Jose Pedro Quarón listed in Deed Book A: 196]

Buenventura Alejo is listed as governor (Hendricks, page 12m Boundary Settlement).

Albino Márquez (Márques) War Captain of Ysleta, July 12, 1841 (1841 Boundary Settlement, Hendricks, Doc. 22-C, exhibit 23, page 13).

Feliciano Alejo, third Captain of Ysleta (1841 Boundary Settlement, Hendricks, Doc. 22-C, exhibit 23, page 11).

1848

Albino Marquéz, native cacique of Ysleta, Jan. 20, 1848 (Houser research files: Commonwealth Title, Box #16; this was a deed that was never recorded or filed and thus not processed).

1851

"Cacique Márques" (Research note: must be Albino Márques), April 15, 1851 (Houser research files: El Paso County Records, Deed Book A: 197).

"Cacique Márques" Tribe approved sale from Cacique Márques, May 24, 1851 (Houser research files: El Paso County Records, Deed Book A: 197).

1863

(Tribal Petition to Ayuntamiento de El Paso del Norte to Relocate Pueblo to Zaragoza, Mexico as result of abuses inflicted by the Norteamericanos)

Juan Seberiano Gonzáles, Cacique (Juan Severiano Gonzáles)

Domingo Márquez, Governor

(55 other tribal members sign this petition; Houser research files: Jenkins 1989: 101-102)

1870-1880

Bernardo Holguín, Tribal Cacique of Ysleta, recorded without citation (Wright 1993:146).

1870

Juan Gonzáles [Research note: must be Juan Severiano Gonzáles, Tigua Indian, because he was married to Agapita who is listed in the same household], War Captain (Houser research files: US 1870 Census, p. 1, household #9).

1873

Ysleta Irrigation Diary (Houser: photocopy in Rearch File) Teodorcio Probencio was listed as Mayor de Aguas (Research note: a number of Tigua Indians are identified in ths diary)

1880

Simon Olguín, War Captain, killed at Ojo Viejo on June 11, 1880 (Houser: National Archives; photocopy in NP Houser Research File).

1881

Juan Severiano Gonzales, Tigua scout, identified by Captain John Bourke as the Lieutenant Governor of Ysleta Pueblo, Texas (Houser research files: Bourke 1938: 206) (Research note: NP Houser has photo of Juan Severiano Gonzeles in Research File).

1881, José María Durán, Tribal Governor of Ysleta and Juan Serberiano Gonzáles, Lt. Governor, recorded without citation (Wright 1993:146).

1882

José María Durán, Governor of Ysleta Pueblo, Texas, 1882 (Ten Kate) (See photo of four tribal leaders, NP Houser Research File) (Houser research files: Brassler 1967 translation, H.F.C. Ten Kate Jr., 1885).

1890

Cresencio Casica, Tribal Cacique of Ysleta (Houser research files: El Paso Herald, Dec. 12, 1890, page 1, col. 5).

Mariano Colmenero, War Captain (1st Captain)

José Durán (aka “El Largo”) Tribal Governor

Benigno Telles (Gobernador Teniente)

Sosteno Gonzáles Field Marshall (Alguacial?)

(Synopsis of article below):

“The Indian Races” (title). “The Tegua Tribe in El Paso – Their Chiefs and Principal Officers – Musical Instruments, List of Dancers, Etc.” (subtitle). “The Chief Officers” (head of paragraph No. 3). “The Chief Officers of the Tegua band now in the city are: Grand chief, Crenencio Casica; war chief, Mariano Colmenero; governor, Jose Duran (called “El Largo” meaning “The Long” ) lieutenant governor, Benigno Telles; field marshall, Sosteno Gonzales.” Houser research files: El Paso Herald, Dec. 12, 1890, page 1, col. 5.

1892

Bartolo Márquez (Márques), Cacique Mayor; Aniseto Gonzáles, Teniente Cacique, José María Montolla [Montoya], Capitan de Guerra; (Houser research files: El Paso Herald, Dec. 12, 1890, page 1, col. 5.1892, Power of Attorney, La Prieta Land Grant Claim, El Paso County Records, Deed Records, Book 28: 190-196).

1897

Jose V. Piarote, cacique. (Houser research files: Harrington 1909: 570)

Marraeno Márquez, vice chief (Marraveo, Mariano, Marcelino, or Magdaleno?, 1st name cannot decipher, begins with M & apparently ends with "eno")

Benigno Pelles, Gobernador (sic. Télles).

Luís Piarote, 1 vice governor.

Aneseto Granillo, Alguacíl (sic. Aniceto)

5 captains (not listed)

(Mooney, James, December 1897 visit to Senecú, Mexico, from Smithsonian Institution, Ms. No. 1953, marked "Trip, 1894-5 (Sinceu & etc).

Mariano Colmenero identified by John Harrington, American linguist and ethnologist, as "el cacique de los Tiguas" (Houser research files: Harrington 1909: 570) [Research note: N.P. Houser believes that Harrington was in error, and that Mariano Colmenero was probably a member of the tribal council at that time but not the cacique or chief. This misinformation was conveyed by a Piro Indian informant in Senecú, and later Harrington met with Colmenero in Ysleta].

1898

“The Indian Dances” (title). Grand Chief: Cresencio Casica [sic. Cacique] War Chief: Mariano Colmenero; Governor: Jose Duran, also called El Largo, Lieutentan Governor: Benigno Telles, Field Marshall: Sosteno Gonzales. Last night they performed the Cuna or Cradle Dance (Houser research files: El Paso Herald, Dec. 12, 18990, Page 1, col. 5).